Additional way to Looking Literature ……

Additional  way to Looking  Literature ……

Experience is the Best Teacher, Literature is the Best Vehicle For Vastly engaging our Possible Experience.

literature is an imaginative reconstruction of life”

 Matthew Arnold  

                        

This is the very Simple Definition of Literature . But here i would like throw some more light on    What  literature  meant by me before M.A and  After M.A  .  These two image is about what i meant Literature after B. A and Before M.A . Here  in this image you can find how i understand literature with the passing of time . After completing M.A my views regarding Literature is Totally Different then what i was written  in these images before M.A.     

            Let's Differentiate Literature Before M.A  and After Completing M.A  . 

           Really it difficult to define literature in one words. But here i differentiate literature . My Graduation of B.A in which I felt that I m studying Literature for the Sake of Education . after B. A i felt that i m just passing the literature but not understand it clearly. Yes there are several reasons are like i don't have potential to grasp till the moment.

           Now I m able to Analyze  the Literary Work – whether  fiction , Poetry , Drama , Novel etc. For me Literature is not just only a Literature but for me it is everything because it gives me all those things what I was looking in life . Master Degree  introduced me with Various Papers of  Literature and Language  like (Renaissance, Indian, African, American , Modern,  Post-Colonial , Cultural Studies ,English Language and  Teaching and Mass Communications and Media studies etc) Literature is a resource where we can see what others have done before us.

                Literature allows us to interpret our own life and emotions and find ways to relate to the story so we in turn can reflect.  It is also a form of entertainment and allows people to use their imagination to visualize the story within their own mind. But I find the real point of literature is the story of life, and all people want to do is to connect to other human beings so they find meaning in their own life.

            Literature can also give us glimpses of much earlier ages. Reading literature cultivates the imagination. I m don’t want to miss this lines that always motivates me ..

“AND MILES TO GO BEFORE I SLEEP"

 this is my favorite line taken from the Robert Frost Poetry "STOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENING" . This line suggest that Death is the ultimate reality of life. which is very important line in the poem.  I found the meaning of life .

           Here I would like to give other example from one my favorite play “ Waiting For Godot ”.  Here  we can discuss that nothingness in Waiting for Godot it shows some deep meaning in life in different way. ‘Waiting for Godot’ gives a message that while doing nothing there is something. “Nothing is also better than something” A person who always has desire for any achievement till birth to death his list of desire will never come to end. In the same way for Godot there is ‘waiting’ which has no any end or meaning.

          we can learn a lot from the characters placed in novels. so we can groom our personality and inner self through literature. Now I would like to talk about novel “ The Sense of an ending” I like this because it is all about memory , College days and narrates  the reality .really it makes sense understand thing better way .  

I have so Many things to write here but I think that it is sufficient. Now I m able to understand Literature well and all these Credit goes to our Honorable HOD Dr. Dilip Barad and Department of English – Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University , Bhavnagar (The Place For Learning) .

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“Harry Potter” by J.K.Rowling

               Here, my view about the novel “Harry Potter” by J.K.Rowling. “Harry Potter” it’s Speculative fiction. Also it’s Children Literature Because moral lesson comes from the children literature.

1) Discourse on the purity of blood and harry potter:

      We can see Voldermert also became half-blood but he wanted to purity of blood. It’s really idea about the ‘Race’. The idea about ‘race’ it look at the positive way. Also here , we can say that the Nazi is believe in ‘race’ and ‘master race’. So he believe in social Darwinism. Also the character of Ron. Ron became the mud-purity of blood but making the half-blood. Because some desire transformed the desire of superiority. This is based on “Social Darwinism” . also it became the natural law and it works in idea about fit. Here, social Darwinism conveys the idea abut fit. 

For Example :

Like the movie “VAJIR” . it is a game of chess. If you became vajir so you have to die.

“Human World Is Not Animal World” 

         However, we can defined that you never think of Utopian Society. Because everybody is equal . so think cannot work. People think that race is a very harmful idea. When we say Superior so always different from the Inferior. Why we deconstructed everything ? and also we always attack for ‘other’.

          Here, we can say that the idea of ‘race’ connected with the Hitler idea. People believe that Race is the very terrible idea. 

      “Your Light Not Should Be Dark” – Shakespeare

        The character of Hermonie is mud-blood and she was smarter than other. Here, we can say that the stereotypical and identification of  Raciest idea. “Words never Neutral”. Also we can see the digital are more secular.
2) The theme of Love and Death:

              The theme of love and death goes on parallel. If human love each other and hate each other. Because,

                   “It is within YOURSELF”

        Love is the significant theme in Harry Potter series. Harry loved all, and was loved by all. 

Lily Potter : Harry, you are so loved, so good (whispering) Harry , mamma loves you. Dad loves you, harry be safe , be strong.
For Example:

Siblly : “I want to die”

                The quest for immorality.

“Calmness itself symbolic one”

         We can defined that Voldermert wish for love don’t wish for death. But he has not win the love with anybody and he didn’t win the death. Voldermert think that I have power and I win the death but at last he doesn’t want to death.
3) Self-help culture and harry potter:
       
        The novel “Harry Potter” we can find the self-awareness and performance including satisfaction with one’s life. like the  grown up of harry potter. also how the innocence turn into wilder.  harry potter being human he is wizard. 

           Here, also we can defined that how culture design man and woman like the character of Harry Potter and Hermione.  because Hermione is far better in magic. potter get the idea from Hermione. 

         Self-help group that professionals may not be able to provide include friendship , emotional support include knowledge, identity( through the identity of harry potter . he has a hero of Hogwarts.), meaningful rules and sense of belonging ( harry potter in the house he is a servant but in his school he has protagonist).

          In the novel harry potter we can see the social – control. first of all we can defined that what is social –control. it is American term and concept is adopted from sociological adaption of the Darwinian Tradition. control is the situation of being under the regulation, domination or command of another.

           Also we can see the social institutions like family, religious cults, marriage increasing the power of conscience collective and essentially became the agencies of broken. like Each rules broken by harry potter in school. [Children may be saved from the danger or any kind of evil that’s why school  many rules and regulation.

           Also we can defined the social culture. racism mud blood and half-blood and class consciences. witchcraft and wizard try to equally portrait the character. try to portrait the social inequality though the J.K.Rowling try to up left the class.

          We can defined the Self-invention. it seems just like virtue , loyalty for school and at last part his vision close to Voldermert. that shows the spirit of dealing with situation how dark it is ? once is responsible for everything.

         We can defined the self-esteem. harry potter has high self-esteem because self-esteem as a positive and negative aspect. we have find both the aspect to evaluate harry potter. some how we can find that harry potter as evil but he can’t over powering him. so he can balanced him. 

         At last we can prove that political argument about book. the systematic way of killing of all Jews by Nazi’s the same way Voldermert killed muggles and half-blood gaining power. (Nazi’s and global terrorism in harry potter) .it seems like both are similar political aspects are more powerful than social control and that rules over society and social culture.

The Sense Of An Ending by Julian Barnes

             The novel “The Sense Of An Ending” written by Julian Barnes. Julian Barnes is the author of three books of stories , book of essays , a translation of Alphonse Daudet’s. in the land of pain , and numerous novels. his recent publications includes the sense of an ending, winner of the 2011 man booker prize and through the window : seventeen essays.

            Tony Webster as a  narrator. he narrates the story of his life as it was 40 years earlier in his find year of secondary school. he goes to Bristol university , after completing schooling. he has a girlfriend called Veronica but their relationship fails in some acrimony. Tony’s narration of the second part of the novel – which is twice as long as the first – begins , with the arrival of a lawyer’s letter informing him that veronica’s mother has bequeathed him Rs. 500 and two document.

"We talk about our memories, but should perhaps talk more about

our forgetting, even if that is a more difficult – or logically

impossible – feat."

               In the novel Veronica mentions Blood money. According to her, Sarah’s 500 pounds for the happiness she had with Adrian veronica being instinctive or manipulative, all Tony’s allegations for Veronica and Adrian came to be true for his own character. Narrator has to join the dots in order to comprehend where he stands in the complex web of the relationship of Jr. Adrian, Sr. Adrian, Veronica and Sarah. Veronica’s mention of ‘Blood money’ may be the compensation given to one’s family member offer the death of the person. As Adrian has no one except Tony Sarah might have left behind for him in the will as the amount Tony got was after Sarah’s death.

 A) b=s -v x/ + a1    

     

b=s -v x/ + a1 S (Sarah), V (Veronica), a1 (Adrian), b (Baby)

 S (Sarah), V (Veronica), a1 (Adrian), b (Baby)

Sarah who has negative relationship and bonding with her own daughter leads her to have healthy and more passionate relationship leads to the formation of Baby.

B)a2 + v + a1Xs = b?

 a2 (Antony Webster), V (Veronica), a1 (Adrian), S (Sarah), b (Baby) Antony Webster who has a meanful relation leads Veronica to break up with him and to date his friend Adrian, and it indirectly leads Adrian to date with Veronica’s mother Sarah and at late it leads to formation of Baby. Adrian’s diary is willed to Tony by Sarah Ford. How come Sarah Ford owned it? Why was it in the possession of Veronica? It is clear in his last days Adrian was more close to Sarah, as she herself says that “Adrian was happy in his last days” it shows that Adrian was happy with Sarah, and she was with Adrian in those days. As Adrian and Sarah were in relation than it’s obvious that Sarah should have Adrian’s Diary. So until her Death Diary was in her possession and in her will she passed that Diary to Tony but Veronica was reluctant to hand it over to Tony.

           In the novel memory play vital role .because Memory, individual rather than collective, accounts for who we are and what we have become. And early memory is particularly valuable, though it can be misconstrued. Its influence can persist throughout adult life, though what is cause and what effect may be difficult to judge. In this short but compelling novel Julian Barnes tracks the origin of one particular memory through a long and apparently uneventful life towards an explanation that leaves traces of unease that are difficult to dismiss.

          

"The Da Vinci Code" By Dan Brown

            

                   Here, my view regarding the book “Da Vinci Code” by Dan Brown. Daniel "Dan" Brown (born June 22, 1964) is an American author of thriller fiction who is best known for the 2003 bestselling novel The Da Vinci Code. Brown's novels are treasure hunts set in a 24-hour period, and feature the recurring themes of cryptography, keys, symbols, codes, and conspiracy theories. His books have been translated into 52 languages, and as of 2012, sold over 200 million copies. Three of them, Angels & Demons (2000), The Da Vinci Code (2003), and Inferno (2013), have been/are being adapted into films.

                  The Da Vinci Code has set forth a theory about Mary Magdalene and the Holy Grail. One of the book’s characters says, “Yes, but it is not I who claim she is the Grail. Christ Himself made that claim." The book claims that the grail is Mary Magdalene, the symbol for womanhood.In reality, there is no proof that Jesus Christ claimed that Mary Magdalene was the Holy Grail. In fact, the Bible does not even mention the words “grail” or “holy grail.” 

          The book “Da Vinci code” is not anti-religion or anti-Christian but it is an atheist. Because  atheist reading can’t get idea about the “GOD”.  Psychologically we can look at the ‘memory of our self’. Here, we can compare the novel and film. Because they both are different think so we can understand the reality of novel and film. Novel / film lead us into critical thinking about a religion perhaps we may think of such conspiracy theory about Hindu religious symbols / myths.

For Example:

The movie “PK”

The movie is not anti-religion or anti-god. But the movie conveys the idea about the god also we can see it’s not atheist film. The PK movie which at a certain amount tries to deconstruct accepted notions about Hindu religion or culture and by dismantling it, attempts to reconstruct another possible interpretation of truth.

           When we do traditional reading of the novel ‘The Da Vinci Code’, Robert Langdon, Professor of Religious Symbology, Harvard University emerges as protagonist and Sir Leigh Teabing, a British Historian as antagonist. And if we do an atheist reading then Sir Leigh Teabing can be consider as a protagonist. As  he is interested in studying History of Christianity. He spent his whole life in searching for Holy Grail, and tries to find out the truth at the end. Ann Gray’s three propositions on ‘know ability’ He talks about identifying what is Knowable, Acknowledge the relationship of a knower and the known and what is the Procedure of Knowing. It’s about a Know ability of God; all are in the quest of something. We can say that it’s all about faith, believing and not believing in God, we can take example of Silas because bitter satire on blind followers of religion, and pain of own body (body is pure nature), Bishop also. And it’s History through which we come to know about something, and how far to rely on History is a difficulty.

             The book “Da Vinci Code” it’s idea of spiritual discussion and debate on the Christianity but we have understand that in literature what is told is not important? But how it is told is important?

            However, we can say that the book “Da Vinci Code” provoked and popular interest in speculation concerning the Holy Grail legend and Mary Magdalene’s role in the history of Christianity. At last we can see without Robert Langdon the Holy Grail can’t open. And the entire journey of Robert Langdon it’s kind of Pilgrims.  Also we may say that Christ sacrifice his life for the betterment of humanity because humanity is under the Christianity. So many people die for religion and Christianity. At last we can say that,

“God Uses as all”

              We can say that the operation of Christianity and religion in entire idea about the god or other  religion think ….. it’s damaged the humanity.

             The feminist reading of the Ophelia, Elizabeth, Hermonie, Hester Prynne , there are three female character compare the  Sophia Neuve’s . here, we can say that the character of Ophelia in “Hamlet”. Her different character in Movie as well as in the play. But after watching the movie we can defined that her character creates the different image in our mind.. Because her lapse into madness and death. Ophelia is still too much under the influence of her father to question his wisdom or authority, and she has no mind of her own to understand how much she has made her lover suffer. No matter how much it pained her to not see Hamlet; all she could see in his present behavior is the madness that terrified her.

              I would like to say the character of Elizabeth in the novel “Frankenstein”. In the movie as well as in the novel the character of Elizabeth, although it seems like different character in both the way. And also the movie and novel both are written in different time so marry Shelley Frankenstein the character of Elizabeth are more passive woman character in the novel. Elizabeth is presented as being angelically good and incomparably beauty. She represents ideal womanhood and its promise of love and comfort. Also it’s passive woman so, Elizabeth embodies the novel’s motif of passive woman, as she waits patiently for victor’s attention.

            We can see the character of Hermonie in the “Harry Potter”.  Hermonie as a good  and strong character. In the movie we can see she was very strong , inspiration , intelligent character. Hermonie is far better than the Harry potter in the Magic. Always potter get the idea from the Hermonie. so here we can prove there woman character are more strong than the man. Here, we can see the objectification of woman body. At last we can say that “Woman always as a Giver”.

              At last the character of Sophie Neuve’s in the “Da Vinci Code”. Sophie Neuve’s was more realistic character, sometimes dumb but with a skill of solving Cryptology, so we find that her character more interesting than the other.

              In the novel Dan Brown has shown the symbol of Mary Magdalene’s. Mary Magdalene’s as a historical figure  and the story connected with the Christ. Mary Magdalene’s was prostitute. But we can find that in the novel as well as in the movie we can see Mary Magdalene’s has not the prostitute but the wife of Jesus Christ. Here, Dan Brown says that she is not only displine  but his wife also. And Christ says that those who thrown the stone they have not done something ? but actually what is the problem of Christianity ? threat is the foundation of Christianity. But in pagan religion emphasizes that equality for both woman and man. But sometimes gives the more equality to woman leadership because sometime woman are more truthful and her side she was right so, give more leadership to her. Here, we can see in the Christianity the  woman figure are more important rather than the man figure because here, Mary Magdalene’s gave the birth to baby child so here we can see the woman figure are important. More opportunity gave the female figure.   We find that in novel also one of the protagonists of this novel is also female character who was a Sophie Neuveu.  

      

           

”STOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENING” BY ROBERT FROST

                                       ”STOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENING”

                  Robert Frost wrote "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" around 1921. He died in 1963, so he had about forty-two years of life ahead of him on that winter night when he stopped to admire the beautiful winter scene. During those years he became America's best-loved poet. In 1961 he was honored by being invited to read one of his poems at John F. Kennedy's presidential inauguration.

             

                     “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” as simply a story about a weary traveler longing for the comforts of home, or even to allegorize it as the journey of Everyman, is to miss the subtle qualities that identify it as a Frost lyric. For one thing, Frost balances the onward rhythmic pull of the verse against the obvious stasis of the poetic scene itself: The speaker never arrives, nor really leaves; he is simply always stopping. Frost also arranges the natural scene so as to heighten the drama of the encounter and to reveal its symbolic density. Finally, Frost’s sense of dramatic and contextual irony undercut the simplicity of the narrative. After all, despite the speaker’s confident assurance about where he is going and the miles he has yet to go, his restiveness (projected onto the horse) and the vagueness of the future “promises” he must keep reveal his assurance to be, in a word, a fiction. This is an important point for Frost. Frost celebrated the necessity of imaginative extravagance in human affairs, but he knew well enough that the imagination traps as well as frees.

            

English as a world language

                         English as a world language

              English has been influenced by many languages of the world.  in return English has also influenced almost all languages of the world. it is due to the development of English culture, trade and science. the major reason is the dominance of America as a world power. so English claims for the title of world language. it has demanded the status of international language.

             It does not mean that English will replace the mother tongue of people. it will become the second language of people. to become world language English attempted the scientific constriction as :

1)               Esperanto

2)              Novial

          They proved artificial because language is a living organism while such construction are static. it is desirable to select a living language as an international expression. English becoming that lucky language. English language has two major difficulties. they become hurdles in the way of English as a world language. they are :

1)               The vast and complex vocabulary

2)              The lack of relationship between spelling and pronunciation.  

                    English has to improve them to became a world language. the lovers of English have introduced two method to settle his hurdles.  they are :

1)               Basic English

2)              Anglic English

1)               Basic English

                Basic English was invent by C.K.Ogden. he was a linguist. he tried it in several part of the world. in china , this experiment was successful . British government has made it an official scheme. basic English consist of 850 worlds. it’s aim is to express minimum think necessary thoughts, simple international conversation and translation . a few common international terms are added as hotel , radio…..etc… a few words like /take/ and /give/ are dropped from 850 words. it has made English as easy language to learn . it is a scientific selection. however it is not a natural growth. it lacked the quality of language . it lacks the liveness of English. it failed to interest people.

2)              Anglic English

           Anglic English is supposed to help foreigner in English spelling. it was introduced at first in Sweden . it was invented by prof. R. E. Zachrisson. it avoids the unnatural of basic English. it tries to simplify English spelling on phonetic lines. it does not take revolutionary departure from tradition. it is not new but followed more scientifically.

           English language changes continuously. there are symbolic and ideographic spelling. before changes the sound pattern the phonetic spelling seems outdated  besides symbolic and ideographic a few spelling depend on sound. so it is not worth trying. the pronunciation of the world differs from land to land. sometimes the spelling are also different in various parts. the experiment of anglic is not encouraging in other countries. in short time Norway has changed its spelling  thrice . thus anglic is not accepted whole heartedly by the world.

           Language is a medium of expression. thought, feelings and ides are spontaneous. it is hard of adjust them in a system of world. is it desirable for English to become a world medium. the question and answer if any, concern more to the student of social sciences and anthropology study of human be and less to the student of English language.

“Slumdog Millionaire” Directed by Danny Boyle

                                                   “Slumdog Millionaire”

              The movie “Slumdog millionaire”  is based on the novel “Q and A” by Vikas Swarup. The movie translated in 42 languages. It is the British film but use the Indian Background also luck play vital role. Also we can see the elapses technique use in this movie.

             The film “Slumdog millionaire” directed by Danny Boyle. It is the 2008 British drama film. The movie start with the character of Jamal malik. He was slum boy from the Juhu slum. The main character of  the entire film. Jamal malik was not intelligent but he has very intitutive boy.  Also we can find that the satire on rich and super class people. Also satire on acquirer’s language. Here, we can say that,

“his learning from life,

I educated for the life”

               Dubbed the feel good film of the decade, "Slumdog Millionaire" is the film to see. Excitement, tragedy, love and hate it's all featured together. The film starts by showing the poverty in India. The way that it does this is in a humorous but serious way and therefore still getting the point across. The film then goes into show how the poor and rich are living together; side by side and how there is a large divide between classes. Two Brothers Jamal Malik (Dev Patel) and Salim Malik (Mahur Mittal)are taken in by a villain who forces the children beg so that he makes money. They escape from this villain leaving behind them there friend Latika (Freida Pinto). After living rough the brothers manage to find Latika but they then become separated. Jamal ends up working in a call centre as a tea boy and this is how he locates his brother. He then knows that if he gets onto "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire" Latika will see him. Working at the call centre is then his gateway to "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire".

                   Slumdog Millionaire is the story of Jamal Malik, an 18 year-old orphan from the slums of Mumbai, who is about to experience the biggest day of his life. With the whole nation watching, he is just one question away from winning a staggering 20 million rupees on India’s “Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?”But when the show breaks for the night, police arrest him on suspicion of cheating; how could a street kid know so much? Desperate to prove his innocence, Jamal tells the story of his life in the slum where he and his brother grew up, of their adventures together on the road, of vicious encounters with local gangs, and of Latika, the girl he loved and lost. Each chapter of his story reveals the key to the answer to one of the game show’s questions. Intrigued by Jamal’s story, the jaded Police Inspector begins to wonder what a young man with no apparent desire for riches is really doing on this game show? When the new day dawns and Jamal returns to answer the final question, the Inspector and sixty million viewers are about to find out.

                  At last we can observe that, dishonest people are hero in this movie, how character of nation is build, and the great Indian people goes on the great and success dream , nation and narration how happens in this film, representation of character and nation, the portrayed of character is wonderfully saw the movie. 

“Waiting For Barbarians” by J.M.Coetzee

                                              “Waiting For Barbarians” 

                                                         

               John Maxwell "J. M." Coetzee is a South African novelist, essayist, linguist, translator and recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature. He relocated to Australia in 2002 and lives in Adelaide. He became an Australian citizen in 2006

              The novel “waiting for barbarians”  written by J.M.Coetzee. the novel depends about the violence and human cruelty. The novel “waiting for barbarians” is about morality and violence and about exploding in several ways. But in Coetzee’s word “waiting for barbarians” is a novel about “the impact of the fortune chamber on the life of a man of conscience”. Also the novel based on the fear and anxiety.

              The title “waiting for barbarians” is taken from a line from the Greek poet Constantine P. Cavafa. The  story of an imaginary Empire. But the empire destroyed own image also. Set in an unspecified place and time. The man conscience is the main protagonist, the Magistrate. The Magistrate is the central character in the novel. Magistrate as a man of Authority and Responsibility.

               However, also we can see the creation of barbarian girl as the representation of the other to problematize the attitude which perceives different as having no subjectivity. Also we can say that the barbarian girl sympathy for Magistrate .  the identity of “barbarians” will always to regarded. But as a member of the empire Magistrate feels guilty for the girl. He wanted to know the pain of girl and the tortured on physically or verbally. Exstream level of tortured the barbarian girl. She was a women so she must be protected her identity. According to Coetzee , torture room is a metaphor for relation between authoritarianism and its victims. But victim can’t speaking magistrate is like this he was victim so he can’t speak. Also we can see the whiteness is a black thing in Magistrate.

              Here, Coetzee highlights the true cruelty that humanity can inflict upon other humans in its pursuit of whatever seems to be the right thing as determined by those in power at any particular point in time. It need not make sense, it need not be morally defensible, it only need be possible and performable, and it may be done. In the regime at the time, such was the situation, South Africa, like so many other places has been a war torn place for a very long time.

   

The Swamp Dwellers By Wole Soyinka

                 The  Swamp Dwellers

             The play ‘ The Swamp Dwellers’ written by Wole Soyinka. Wole Soyinka has survived to write so much about the African experience is a wonder.

           The Swamp Dwellers is a play of worldwide appeal . it talk about distant rural and urban society, family life, conflict of old and new society, psychological conflict between old and young generations, love for modernity and love for the swamp the supernatural , unfavorable forces of nature and so many problems. He focuses on family ties , love for family hints of love in trivial quarrel between the married in the play.

           The play focuses on the struggle between old and the new ways of life in Africa. The play presents the picture of modern Africa where the wind of change started blowing. And also we can defined the  struggle between human beings and unfavorable forces of nature is also capture in the play. Soyinka says that it’s all about change in Africa.

         The Swamp Dwellers is primarily concerned about social changes. An easy access to shortly abundant all has caused the social changes and has an impact on human relationship in many African countries especially in Nigeria during mid Twentieth Century.

           However, also we can observe that the death of a twin Awachike ? what type of death is it ? natural or symbolic ?

         Wole Soyinka also talk about the tradition and modernity. Tradition and modernity is a liner theory of social change. The two polar opposite in the play. The modernity does not weaken the tradition. Tradition – a –  framework of nation wood. The relation  between tradition and modernity. Both are treated as polar opposites or binaries Makuri  begins to discuss the city,

“It rains them, the city rains them, what do they seek there expect money ?”

             In the very opening scene of the play we can see quarrels between Alu and Makuri. We see the hints of verbal bicker between the two old married Alu and Makuri. Alu seems more impatient than Makuri, and she is constantly nagging in the households. Alu has been waiting for long for her dear son and in her every household. Work she attempts to peep the doorways with great expectations of their sons return. Even the play starts with her question mingled with eagerness further son :

“Alu : can you see him ?”

          However, also we can defined that in the play there are two tragedy. and  also we can see all the characters are absurd and they all are victim of society also the wish of characters going to the individual world. And may be the death of wish in the Alu mind.

"A Grain Of Wheat" by Ngugi Wa Thiongo

                    A Grain Of Wheat

          Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o  born 5 January 1938) is a Kenyan writer, formerly working in English and now working in Gikuyu. His work includes novels, plays, short stories, and essays, ranging from literary and social criticism to children's literature. He is the founder and editor of the Gikuyu-language journal Mũtĩiri.

          The novel “A Grain Of Wheat’ written by Ngugi Wa thiongo. A novel is a combination of socio-psycho-cultural changes. And also we can see something is happened but people don’t know because the unconfused event. The novel is about the freedom. It’s covered the time of pre-colonialism to the post-colonialism and neo-colonialism. Also we can see the past-present-future through the characters how can we imagination to the future of characters like the character of Mugo. His past was very fragmented mugo was very normal human being. And form his childhood he was alone . however, also other characters like the Mumbi. Mumbi has a wife of Gikonyo and mother of Karnja’s child.  Karnja was an police officer. Her past like that. The coral between husband and wife. Mumbi says,

“you catch me if you can”

          Maumau emergency in A Grain Of Wheat presented for the first time an African perspective on the Kenyan armed revolt against British colonial rule during the 1950s.

          A Grain Of Wheat marked Ngugi’s break with cultural nationalism and his embarking of fanonist Marxism.In the novel ‘A Grain Of Wheat’ there are three movement in the novel like,

1)           Freedom

2)          Heroism of Mugo

3)           Revival of Kihika

        However, also we can see the pressure of colonialism. It is the allegorical story of one man’s mistaken heroism and a search for the betrayer of a MAUMAU leader.

        Ngugi Wa Thiongo portrayed the disruption of KIKAYA society. As a result of the invasive pressure of colonialism here, we can see so many people died in nation.

       The novel ‘ A Grain Of Wheat’ it is a political narrative and the political discourse the novel ending social the novel ending with positive way.

       The novel looks like the mask of grace. The novel is a collective act of recalling and reflecting on the events leading to Uhuru , in order in a understood what actual meaning it should be the Thabai peasant. A Grain Of Wheat constructs a narration of the nation. And the destroyed the common man life.

       The novel  ‘A Grain Of Wheat’ the village of Kenya . Kenya is the country of black people. In this novel we can see there are many issue but Ngugi Wa Thiongo not only focus on the other issue but they only focuses on native issue.